An illustrative example would be the case of Major UK-based organizations, like the London Chinese Community Centre, the London Chinatown Chinese Association, the Yellow Earth Theatre Company and London Chinese Cultural Centre. It led to major changes in all areas of society; labour flexibility and privatization left large numbers of workers unemployed, unable to be reabsorbed by the internal-market. (MCD) septembre 2015. California had the largest number of Chinese immigrants in 2010 with 577,745 people and 32.0 % of the total Chinese-born population (Migration Policy Institute, 2010). Other regions where communities are situated are Pretoria and Port Elizabeth. According to the director of the Angolan Office of Migration and Foreigners, Chinese people living in Angola during the year 2012, amounted to 258,920 people. This is the only Country, China excluded, were Chinese make up the majority of population (almost 77%). The main Chinatown is the one in Ho Chi Minh City, located in the Cholon district. Chinatown London Official Page ‘Through the ages’ Available at http://www.chinatownlondon.org/. The main community is in Auckland. The largest community is in Valencia, namely Carabobo. Located at the intersection of the humanities and social sciences, it encompasses disciplines as diverse as geography, sociology, history, anthropology, psychology, and political science. Une population s’intégrant dans les pays d’accueil sans s’assimiler, c’est-à-dire conservant une conscience identitaire liée à la mémoire de la société et du territoire d’origine. la diaspora chinoise tude de cas julien marciniak. In 2001, 33% of the Chinese community was aged 25 to 44 and a quarter of them had a university degree. Asian migration, both domestic and international, is the largest globally. Chinese communities have a broad influence on the local population. Diaspora chinoise. The three countries with the highest number of Chinese population in Latin America are: Panama (135,000), Nicaragua (12,000),Costa Rica (9,170) and Peru. Les diasporas asiatiques (chinoise, indienne) occupent une part croissante des diasporas mondiales tout en représentant une faible part de la population d’origine. These institutions have been the vehicle to preserve and promote Chinese culture, arts and identity, whilst aiding integration into the wider British community. Consequently, Southern European countries have been the main focus of Chinese migration for the past 30 years. The Diaspora Division serves as the focal point and hub for implementing the African Union decision to invite and encourage the African Diaspora to participate in the building and development of the African continent. Similarly, the cities of Manchester and London in the UK continue to receive substantial numbers of Chinese Migrants. Since the opening of China’s economy in 1978, emigration from China has steadily gathered pace. Most migrants in this era were unskilled workers, driven by the growing demand for cheap manual labour elsewhere. To conclude, the Chinese Diaspora has led to several impacts both on the indigenous communities and the host countries on the economic, political and cultural level, both positively and negatively. The main communities can be found in the United Kingdom, France, and Italy. At the same time, we try to give a statistical analysis of the data introduced in order to identify and explore the current relevant global trends and causes of Chinese immigration taking place in every continent included, having a particular focus on the States which became during the XIX and the XXth century prominent centers for the formation of Chinese diaspora communities. The competitiveness with Chinese migrants leads to tensions with the indigenous population; for example in Johannesburg, South Africa, cultural tensions are often felt between the black and Chinese communities, especially since Chinese business is often in direct competition with black business, which is heavily supported by the government’s Black Economic Empowerment Policy (BEE). Between the 1950s and the 1980s widespread violence and instability in the region shifted the destination of Chinese migrants to more industrialised areas including North America, Europe, Japan and Australia. The numbers of people with Chinese origin in New Zealand are also increasing rapidly. This paper will investigate the evolution of Chinese diaspora since the nineteenth century from both a global and local perspective. Aller au contenu. The two main destinations for Chinese migrants in Oceania are Australia and New Zealand. Une population dispersée sous la contrainte dans plusieurs lieux ou territoires non immédiatement voisins de celui d’origine. ChinaSF, Accessed on: 09.04.14, Available at: http://www.chinasf.org/overview.html, San Francisco Chinatown, Available at: http://www.sanfranciscochinatown.com/history/index.html. The major elements of Chinese culture which have been incorporated into local communities around the world are food, language, medicine and cultural events. The 21st century has witnessed a special wave of Chinese migrants to Oceania, because it plays a small but increasingly significant role in China’s efforts to further its economic and strategic interests. According to the Blue Book of International Migrations of China, China is undergoing its third wave of migration. La migration est souvent de nature "entrepreneuriale", au gré des opportunités économiques (qui se combinent bien sûr avec les conditions géopolitiques) : tel chinois teochew (originaire de la région de C… While short episodes of Chinese migration can be traced back through history, the phenomenon generally referred to as “Chinese Diaspora” only dates back to the mid-19th century (Liu & Van Dongen, 2013). your own Pins on Pinterest London's Trafalgar Square hosts one of the biggest Chinese Lunar New Year celebrations in Europe every year, with the last year alone witnessing nearly half a million international visitors to the event (Sukhoparova, 2014). [i] A quarter of a century later, the notion of an ‘invisible’ Chinese migrant in Italy is hard to fathom. Here, the Chinese government’s decision in 1980 to allow Chinese citizens to migrate abroad prompted Chinese migration to Europe to reach its highest level in history. Today, the total Chinese Population in Africa is estimated at close to one million (Migration Policy Institute, 2012), though it is virtually impossible to obtain a concrete figure. La diaspora chinoise aujourd’hui . The main Chinatown is in Luanda. chinoise academic dictionaries and encyclopedias. The amount of data we used describes within every continent in the world the main destination countries for Chinese immigrants and within those, the principal cities which host the largest Chinese diaspora settlements. La diaspora entretient un rapport particulier au territoire. Indeed, as Africa possesses important natural resources and is a potential new market for Chinese products, a wave of migrants principally composed of Chinese businessmen, alongside their relatives, could be expected to come. Bruneau Michel. A good example in this geographical area is the city of Sydney, which is currently the main destination city in Oceania for Chinese migrants (Barret, 2014). It will then go in depth into the influence, the challenges and the most important contributions of Chinese culture on the global community. diaspora’s identity perception and presentation, this thesis employs a qualitative approach with the methods of semi-structured interview and online observation, under the restriction of limited resource. For instance, in Malaysia, the Chinatowns are principally based in the city of Selangor with over 5,460,000 Chinese living there, whereas in Thailand Bangkok has the biggest Chinatown with over 7,221,000 Chinese citizens based there (Tébar Arjona, 2013). Guangdong y Hainan still represents the majority of the newly-constituted Chinese Diasporas. As is the case in migration processes, the individuals advertise their heritage in the host country and within its community, hence involuntarily also exporting with them Chinese traditions and cultural goods such as science, medicine, food, and design. This list may not reflect recent changes . By adopting the methods of semi-structured interview and online observation with 30 participants from Brisbane and Melbourne in Australia, this thesis has drawn three findings. The most important Chinatown is Yangon, considering that many businesses are conducted by Chinese families. The profile of the current Chinese migrants has slightly changed during the last decade and nowadays Chinese migrants coming from the rural areas of Zhejiang, Fujian. The overseas Chinese population is 1,637,540 (2012) and represents about 3% of the entire population. In this way we can find 156,170 Chinese people living in Central America. In the case of Canada, which has more than one million citizens, Chinese people represent the largest ethnic non-European minority in the country. The bigger the community, more influence and interactions it has with local indigenous population. Other two important communities are in Rome and the one in Prato. The estimated Chinese population in Europe is about 2.15 million (Gui, 2011) and the most striking point regarding migration from China to Europe are the rise in forms of irregular migration and the expansion of new channels of migration, especially student migration. Ressources de géographie pour les enseignants, Ressources pour les concours (Capes, agrégations, ENS...), Géographie en langues étrangères (DNL allemand, anglais, italien, espagnol), « Les populations d'origine indienne hors de l'Inde : fabrique et enjeux d'une "diaspora" », "Phénomène diasporique, transnationalisme, lieux et territoires", La Chine, la modernisation encadrée d'un territoire global, Les relations nature-sociétés face au changement global, Le développement durable, approches géographiques, La frontière, discontinuités et dynamiques, Le vin entre sociétés, marchés et territoires, Les espaces littoraux : gestion, protection, aménagement, Les nouvelles dynamiques du tourisme dans le monde, Fait religieux et construction de l'espace, Géographie de la santé : espaces et sociétés, Remue-méninges, conférences de 2001 à 2003, Territoires européens : régions, États, Union, Les espaces ruraux et périurbains en France : populations, activités, mobilités, Le Japon : les fragilités d'une puissance, États-Unis : espaces de la puissance, espaces en crises, Afrique subsaharienne : territoires et conflits, La Chine entre espaces domestiques et espace mondial, La Russie : des territoires en recomposition, La Méditerranée, une géographie paradoxale, Lyon, espaces et échelles d’une métropole européenne, Les mondes arctiques, espaces, milieux, sociétés. Several traditional Chinese events have been spread worldwide and adopted by the societies of its host countries. This is the Country with the largest Chinese population outside China. The impact of diaspora engagement is difficult to assess, due to the difficulty disentangling causation and correlation, and quantifying the impact of elusive goods like skills and knowledge transfers. In China’s case, sustained growth has been the result of economic reforms and, in particular, of the "opening up" policy that started during the 1970´s. The highest concentration of Chinese communities can be found in Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia. The rate is 2.52 times more than the local population growth rate (Minghuan, 2011). The number of Chinese migrants in Nigeria has grown exponentially since 1999, including not only Chinese citizens, but also Taiwanese and people from Hong Kong. Venezuela is home to more than 50,000 Chinese people (Amnesty International Report, 1990-1994). The number of Chinese migrants is, however, relatively low compared to other immigrant groups in the rest of the world. http://www.euecran.eu/publications-2011/chinese-immigration-into-the-eu-new-trends-dynamics-and-implications Accessed 09/04/2014. And in the city of Singapore nowadays, ethnic Chinese form 74.2% of the Singaporean population (Yeoh, 2013). In the United States of America the Museum of Chinese Historical Society of America, has been using education, visual arts, and the organization of cultural events as tools to bring the American society closer to the Chinese minority. The largest community is in Sao Paulo, with approximately 150,000 people whilst there are smaller communities in Curitiba and Rio de Janeiro. According to the ambassador to Britain, Liu Xiaoming, “Chinese culture is gaining increasing acceptance overseas, which in itself attests to China's progress with a burgeoning foreign appetite to know more about China”  (Xinhua, 2014). All rights reserved | Contact | Imprint. Economic and religious concerns have historically been the major factors driving Chinese people abroad. Dar Es Salaam is the city with the highest Chinese population. series title. the economic power of the chinese diaspora. A relevant example of this, can be considered the cultural links and influences that the People’s Republic of China have had on the Southeast Asian region. Managed to export and settle in several South American cities such as Lima. Local development patterns have been strongly affected by the extent, or lack, of emigrant connections. In the ASEAN countries, competition with Chinese migrant in the labor market and the transfer of Chinese savings back to the motherland, this raises issues with the local indigenous population and plays a bad influence on local economies and small business (Larin, 2014). Après le discours de Xi Jinping adressé à la diaspora chinoise aux États-Unis, celle du Royaume-Unie souhaite contribuer aux relations Chine - Royaume-Uni. From an economic point of view, the influence and contribution of Chinese Diasporas to the global community has been remarkable since the 19th century, when Chinese merchants started setting up their first businesses in California. & Wu 2013),  In Spain’s case, economic progress experienced during the 1990’s and early 2000’s has been the fundamental factor in attracting Chinese migrants, with a Spanish-based Chinese diaspora of around 150,000 based there. Cities such as London, Paris or Madrid have witnessed a big increase of Chinese citizens over recent years. Abstract. Also Kuala Lumpur and Penang are popular sites for Chinese diaspora. Dans un contexte de dissémination mondiale, en position d'exterritorialité, la diaspora revêt deux caractères morphologiques : 1. multipolaire, 2. interpolaire du fait des relations entre le foyer d'origine (la Chine territoriale) et les foyers d'accueil. Chinese people represent the largest non-European ethnic origin in Canada, amounting at circa 1,487,580. Rural-urban mobility, the polarization of the distribution of wealth and the consequent widening of the gap between rich and poor are all relevant factors for this migration. Even with the conflicting statistics on the number of Chinese in Tanzania, we can say that in 2000 statistics of Tanzania's immigration showed that they had issued work or residence permits to just 239 Chinese nationals, making them one of the smaller groups of foreigners in the country. Therefore, in countries like Angola and Mozambique a considerable number of Chinese companies and workers have settle down in the last years. Russia / China is always trying to find new economic partners and Russia appears to be a profitable and economically attractive one for the future. 2. Additional Physical Format: Online version: Ma Mung, Emmanuel. Chinese migrants amount to 39.5 million and are scattered across 130 countries. La durée est indispensable pour prouver la résistance à l’assimilation des migrants. Out of 40 million overseas Chinese, 30 million are found here, making up about 10% of the population in Southeast Asia (Chee-Beng Tan, 2013).