[59], At this time, the neighbors of the Taíno were the Guanahatabeys in the western tip of Cuba, the Island-Caribs in the Lesser Antilles from Guadeloupe to Grenada, and the Calusa and Ais nations of Florida. If this tribute was not brought, the Spanish cut off the hands of the Taíno and left them to bleed to death. [47] Behiques dealt with negotiating with angry or indifferent gods as the accepted lords of the spiritual world. Taíno groups came into conflict with the Island Caribs of the southern Lesser Antilles. Ainsi elle disposait indifféremment de deux noms. He was more important in the lives of his niece's children than their biological father; the uncle introduced the boys to men's societies in his sister and his family's clan. [91], Histories of the Caribbean commonly describe the Taino as extinct, killed off by disease, slavery, and war with the Spaniards. An average-sized canoe would hold about 15–20 people. De nombreux historiens considèrent que l'ethnie disparut du fait du génocide[6] commis par les Européens durant la conquête de la région, ou des maladies introduites par les colons. This symbolized the first Taíno mythical cacique Anacacuya, whose name means "star of the center", or "central spirit." Eli D. Oquendo-Rodríguez. [9] But ethnohistorian Lynne Guitar writes that Spanish documents declared the Taíno to be extinct in the sixteenth century, as early as 1550. Taíno activists have created two unique writing scripts. Ils fabriquaient divers types d’objets tel le hamac qu'ils appelaient coy. Malgré leur quasi-disparition au XVIe siècle, beaucoup[évasif] d'Antillais, plus particulièrement des Cubains, Haïtiens, Portoricains et Dominicains, continuent de se considérer comme Taïnos. Luigi Ferrari Bravo, Professor at the University of Rome, examines in his course the …. He subdivides the Taíno into three main groups: Classic Taíno, mostly from Haiti, Puerto Rico, and the Dominican Republic; Western Taíno, or sub-Taíno, for the population from Jamaica, Cuba (except for the western tip), and the Bahamian archipelago; and Eastern Taíno for those from the Virgin Islands to Montserrat.[27]. The Tainos commonly played a ball game similar to that played in Central America called Batey. [42] Every individual living in the Taíno society had a task to do. Taylor, Patrick, and Frederick I. Some Taíno practiced polygamy. Saunders, Nicholas J. Please read the. Modern historians, linguists and anthropologists now hold that the term Taíno should refer to all the Taíno/Arawak nations, except for the Caribs, who are not seen to belong to the same people. Some examples are tunics of cotton and rare feathers, crowns and masks or "guaizas" of cotton with feathers; colored stones, shells or gold; cotton woven belts; and necklaces of snail beads or stones, with small masks of gold or other material. Batata (sweet potato) was the next most important root crop. [19] Anthropologist Jason Hickel estimates that a third of indigenous workers died every six months from lethal forced labor in these mines. Downloads: (external link) Old French law, referred to in French as l'Ancien Droit, was the law of the Kingdom of France until the French Revolution.In the north of France were the Pays de coutumes ('customary countries'), where customary laws were in force, while at the south were the Pays de droit écrit ('countries of written law'), where Roman law had remained paramount. Comment ajouter mes sources ? Cet animisme conférait au chaman de grands pouvoirs du fait qu'il était le seul être capable de dominer les esprits. Les cemíes possédaient des pouvoirs sur l'Homme en ce qu'ils contenaient les esprits régissant les activités humaines. Women lived in village groups containing their children. [72] For example, Anderson Córdova estimates a maximum of 500,000 people inhabiting the island. Shopping. Atabey was the zemi of the moon, fresh waters, and fertility. Rouse classifies as Taíno all inhabitants of the Greater Antilles (except the western tip of Cuba), the Bahamian archipelago, and the northern Lesser Antilles. He was punished by being turned into stone, or a bird, a frog, or a reptile, depending on interpretation of the myth. Son royaume n'avait de débouché maritime que sur la côte Sud. As a symbol of his status, the cacique carried a guanín of South American origin, made of an alloy of gold and copper. Despite women being seemingly independent in Taíno society, during the era of contact Spaniards took Taíno women as an exchange item, putting them in a non-autonomous position. Les deux équipes comptaient jusqu'à trente personnes (hommes et femmes), le but du jeu étant de garder la balle en l'air à l'aide des épaules; des coudes, des hanches et de n'importe quelle autre partie du corps à l'exception des mains. These plazas had many shapes, including oval, rectangular, narrow, and elongated. Dans la structure politico-sociale, de caractère théocratique et guerrier, le cacique et le bohique représentent les pouvoirs surnaturels du dieu de la nuit. Il ne pouvait pas donc avoir vu passer les bateaux espagnols qui s'étaient contentés de longer la côte Nord d'Ouest en Est. Les Taïnos avaient également adopté le culte de la déesse Ixchel, déesse maya de la lune dont le sanctuaire se situe sur l'île de Cozumel. The father put his son's bones into a gourd or calabash. [13], The ancestors of the Taíno originated on the South American continent. (This was a matrilineal kinship system, with social status passed through the female lines.) "[15], The Spanish conquered various Taíno chiefdoms during the late fifteenth and early sixteenth century. They were expected to ensure the welfare of the tribe and to protect it from harm from both natural and supernatural forces. 115 La « coutume moderne » imposée par le chef de canton et les chefs de village (chefferies administratives), introduit des éléments de gestion individuelle des terres et pousse à la négation des droits des nomades sur les pâturages des zones fluviales exondables lors de la décrue. [88][89] Academics, such as historian Andrés Reséndez of the University of California, Davis, assert that disease alone does not explain the total destruction of indigenous populations of Hispaniola. [42], Tribal groups settled in villages under a chieftain, known as cacique, or cacica if the ruler was a woman. nécessaire]. [3] Many Puerto Ricans, Cubans and Dominicans have Taíno mtDNA, showing they are descendants through the direct female lines.[4][5]. According to The Black Legend and some contemporary scholars such as Andrés Reséndez, warfare and harsh enslavement by the colonists decimated the population. [25][full citation needed] The Taíno people, or Taíno culture, has been classified by some authorities as belonging to the Arawak. Cuba was divided into 29 chiefdoms. [55], Maquetaurie Guayaba or Maketaori Guayaba was the zemi of Coaybay or Coabey, the land of the dead. Games on the batey are believed to have been used for conflict resolution between communities. : Strategies for Recovering Indigenous Voices in Colonial and Contemporary Hispanic Caribbean Discourses", "Cuba's Taino people: a flourishing culture, believed extinct", "Criollos: The Birth of a Dynamic New Indo-Afro-European People and Culture on Hispaniola", "Ocama-Daca Taíno (Hear Me, I Am Taíno): Taíno Survival on Hispaniola, Focusing on the Dominican Republic", "Some important research contributions of Genetics to the study of Population History and Anthropology in Puerto Rico", The Cave of Wonders - Taino Cave Art in La Romana, Portal:Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Population history of indigenous peoples of the Americas, Painting in the Americas before European colonization, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taíno&oldid=1017451773, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia introduction cleanup from March 2021, Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from March 2021, All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify, "Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Articles with failed verification from April 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2019, Vague or ambiguous geographic scope from June 2020, Articles with incomplete citations from January 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2019, Wikipedia articles with style issues from December 2019, Articles with multiple maintenance issues, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, One group of scholars contends that the ancestors of the Taíno were Arawak speakers who came from the center of the, The alternate theory, known as the circum-Caribbean theory, contends that the ancestors of the Taíno diffused from the, "Shamanic Inebriants in South American Archaeology: Recent Investigations". The Taíno culture as documented developed on the Caribbean islands. Enfin, il a circulé dans les deux royaumes du Nord sans rencontrer d'opposition de la part de leurs deux rois Guacanagari et Garioneix, ce qui suppose un lien de vassalité assumé. Web. There the Taíno intermingled with escaped African slaves. They also speculate that it was an independent language isolate, with an Arawakan pidgin used for communication purposes with other peoples, as in trading. La principale activité économique des Taïnos était l'agriculture, pour laquelle ils effectuaient des semailles qu'ils appelaient conucos. Chapter title Taínos. Nous prenons des vacances ce soir pour ouvrir nos cadeaux. Symboliquement, les deux équipes reproduisent la lutte entre les dieux du ciel et de la terre pour la possession du soleil. Ces habitations étaient construites avec des feuilles de hinea (qui se ramasse dans les rivières et les fleuves), et du bois. https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taïnos&oldid=181351943, Article manquant de références depuis juillet 2011, Article manquant de références/Liste complète, Article pouvant contenir un travail inédit, Article contenant un appel à traduction en espagnol, Article manquant de références depuis mars 2012, Catégorie Commons avec lien local identique sur Wikidata, Article de Wikipédia avec notice d'autorité, Portail:Amérique précolombienne/Articles liés, Portail:République dominicaine/Articles liés, Portail:Sciences humaines et sociales/Articles liés, licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions, comment citer les auteurs et mentionner la licence. Les conseils de lignage gardent un œil sur la gestion du patrimoine foncier par le chef de village, mais le chef de canton n’est limité que par la crainte des maléfices et des … This marked the beginning of a lifetime of kidnapping and abuse of Taíno women. [20][21], The remaining Taíno intermarried with Europeans and Africans, and became incorporated into the Spanish colonies. Les Taïnos ignoraient les notions de propriété privée et d'État. Population (french edition), 2016, vol. Vídeo musical con Sandra, Dagmarita y pollito Yito. The Maroons of Moore Town claim descent from the Taíno and African . When a male heir did not exist, the inheritance or succession would go to the oldest male child of the sister of the deceased. Opposing teams had 10 to 30 players per team and used a solid rubber ball. plus un état en apanage à la puissance dominante de l'île : le Maguana pourrait expliquer la raison pour laquelle le roi de ce dernier état "Caonabo" se permettait de se déplacer librement avec son armée sur toute l'ile au mépris du pouvoir de tous ses voisins. On Columbus' second voyage to their culture, he began to require tribute from the Taíno in Hispaniola. Generally It is classified by Habanos SA in their Other category of portfolio brands. [54], The minor Taíno zemis related to the growing of cassava, the process of life, creation, and death. [66] Women seem to have participated in all levels of the Taíno political hierarchy, occupying roles as high up as being cazicas. Les Taïnos, ou Tainos, sont une ethnie amérindienne considérée comme distincte du groupe des Arawaks, qui occupait les grandes Antilles lors de l'arrivée des Européens au XVe siècle. [citation needed], One Taíno oral tradition explains that the Sun and Moon come out of caves. À l'arrivée des Espagnols, on estime que la population globale des Antilles était de 7 à 8 millions d'habitants[4]. [38], Some words that they used, such as barbacoa ("barbecue"), hamaca ("hammock"), kanoa ("canoe"), tabaco ("tobacco"), yuca, batata ("sweet potato"), and juracán ("hurricane"), have been incorporated into Spanish and English.